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Serving New Thought is pleased to present
William Atkinson's
Art Of Logical Thinking
Book page numbers, along with the number to the left of the .htm extension match the page numbers of the original books to ensure easy use in citations for research papers and books
1 - Reasoning -
2 - Process of Reasoning -
3 - The Concept -
4 - The Use of Concepts -
5 - Concepts and Images -
6 - Terms -
7 - Meaning of Terms -
8 - Judgments -
9 - Propositions -
10 - Immediate Reasoning -
11 - Inductive Reasoning -
12 - Reasoning by Induction -
13 - Theory and Hypotheses -
14 - Making and Testing Hypotheses -
15 - Deductive Reasoning -
16 - The Syllogism -
17 - Varieties of Syllogisms -
18 - Reasoning by Analogy -
19 - Fallacies -
qualities it can contain; and the more common
properties, the fewer individuals. As Brooks
says: "The concept man has more extension
than poet, orator or statesman, since it embraces more individuals; and less intension,
since we must lay aside the distinctive attributes of poet, orator and statesman in order
to unite them in a common class man." In
the same way the general term animal is quite
extended for it includes a large number of individual varieties of very different and varied
characteristics and qualities; as for instance,
the lion, camel, dog, oyster, elephant, snail,
worm, snake, etc. Accordingly its intension
must be small for it can include only the qualities common to all animals, which are very
few indeed. The definition of the term shows
how small is its intension, as: "Animal. An
organic being, rising above a vegetable in various respects, especially in possessing sensibility, will and the power of voluntary motion." Another narrows the intension still
further when he defines animal as: "a creature which possesses, or has possessed, life."
Halleck says: "Animal is very narrow in intension, very broad in extension. There are
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