Art Of Logical Thinking by William Atkinson - Read the Complete Text for free at NewThoughtLibrary.com

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William Atkinson's

Art Of Logical Thinking

Book page numbers, along with the number to the left of the .htm extension match the page numbers of the original books to ensure easy use in citations for research papers and books

1 - Reasoning - 2 - Process of Reasoning - 3 - The Concept - 4 - The Use of Concepts - 5 - Concepts and Images - 6 - Terms - 7 - Meaning of Terms - 8 - Judgments - 9 - Propositions - 10 - Immediate Reasoning - 11 - Inductive Reasoning - 12 - Reasoning by Induction - 13 - Theory and Hypotheses - 14 - Making and Testing Hypotheses - 15 - Deductive Reasoning - 16 - The Syllogism - 17 - Varieties of Syllogisms - 18 - Reasoning by Analogy - 19 - Fallacies -

larger classes, and so on. As these classes advance they form broader terms; and as we retreat from the general class into the less general and more particular, the term becomes narrower. By some, the broader term which includes the narrower is called the higher term, and the narrower are called the lower terms. Thus animal would be a higher and broader term than dog, cat or tiger because it includes the latter. Brooks says: " Since a concept is formed by the union of the common attributes of individuals, it thus embraces both attributes and individuals. The attributes of a concept constitute what is called its content; the individuals, it embraces constitute its extent."

Accordingly, the feature of including objects in a concept or term is called its extension; while the feature of including attributes or qualities is called its intension. It follows as a natural consequence that the greater the extension of a term, the less its intension; the greater its intension, the less its extension. We will understand this more clearly when we consider that the more individuals contained in a term, the fewer common properties or

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