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Many a man is set free from what he called "himself," or from what he took to be genuine "spiritual" feeling, by learning that he was harbouring a pathologic condition. We are warned by Professor James 1 not to judge by pathologic conditions but by values, outcomes, results. But it still remains true that a physiological state is oftentimes mistaken for a "spiritual" condition. No field of investigation promises to be more fruitful than the sphere of mental bondages to physiological conditions. Already, people are beginning to conclude that crime is oftentimes the mechanical result of diseased bodily condition. Possibly our whole treatment of criminality, and of insanity, too, is on a wrong basis. When we begin to realise how little power the mind has under the conditions .of brain life into which the majority are born, we may begin to get some light on the cause and prevention of crime. The average man is a creature of impulses and physical passions. The age of self-control has scarcely begun to dawn, and the age of reason well, that is very far ahead.2

1 The Varieties of Religious Experience, chap. 1:
2 The reader is advised to supplement this and the two following chapters by the study of a treatise on psychology such as vol. i. of Professor James's Principles of Psychology; Psychology, Briefer Course, by the same author, Henry Holt & Co., New York; or, Outlines of Psychology, by Professor Josiah Royce, The Macmillan Co., 1903.