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himself by saying lie was carried away, and could not restrain himself. In other words, he makes out a case closely allied to physical compulsion. He is sometimes answered by saying, that he could have restrained himself if he had chosen, willed, or sufficiently wished to do so. Such an answer is really a puzzle or paradox, and must mean something very different from what is apparently expressed. The fact is, that the offender was in a state of mind such that his conduct followed according to the uniformity of his being, and if the same antecedents were exactly repeated, the same consequent would certainly be reproduced. In that view, therefore, the foregoing answer is irrelevant, not to say nonsensical. The proper form, and the practical meaning to be conveyed, is this: It is true, that as your feelings then stood, your conduct resulted as it did; but I am now to deal with you in such a way, that when the situation recurs, new feelings and motives will be present, sufficient, I hope, to issue differently. I now punish you, or threaten you, or admonish you in order that an antecedent motive may enter into your mind, as a counter-action to your animal spirits or temper on another occasion, seeing that, acting as you did, you were plainly in want of such a motive. I am determined that your conduct shall be reformed, and therefore every time that you make such a lapse, I will supply more and more incentives in favor of what is your duty."

Here is consistency. Mr. Bain has determined that there is no freedom, that the notion is an absurd one, and hence he pushes his theory right over the convictions of men expressed in the most unmistakable, universal and constant use of language. He says to himself, the line of my road lies through yonder hill, and he buries his engine up to the furnace in the soil in his effort to drive it through. As we have undertaken only the easier and more modest