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growth at its service. Sensations, perceptions, the data of consciousness enlarge for it the material of thought, and are themselves simple, ultimate forms of knowing. Nothing can replace them. Colors, sounds, odors, flavors are apprehended exclusively through the organs by which they enter. Further, they give us inexhaustible material for inquiry, facts to which the mind may bring its explanatory processes, and which it may work up into knowledge. Intuitions without these, as mere intuitions, would remain empty formulae, intellectual solvents with no mysteries to resolve.

Next come judgments. These are the steps in the rationalizing, comprehending process. To be able to form a judgment, is to be able to put forth true intellectual effort; is to turn the key in locks that guard all knowledge. It implies completeness of mental furniture, the entire material of growth. Simple judgments are the staples of knowledge; while they may be formed under any idea, that of resemblance assumes chief significance. All classification proceeds through this, and is a first and last step in progress. It is by a comparison of qualities that our knowledge of the objects about us becomes serviceable. Much, perhaps the larger share of our progress, is made by simple judgments, related indeed to one another, but not interlocked in reasoning. By a series of inquiries, we place objects in their appropriate classes, and furnish them ready both for our intellectual and physical uses.

Reasoning, or interlocked judgments, follows simple judgments as a means of progress. There is considerable disagreement as to the forms and character of reasoning, arising largely, we think, from a different use of words. One form of procedure is covered by the words reasoning and logic as used by Hamilton, and another as used by Mill; while others combine, with more or less confusion, the two uses. Hamilton, by a definition, confines the province of