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two kingdoms have the kind of regularity which belong to the upward branching of a tree, and call, therefore, in the same way for a controlling power. The wrecks of accident, the malformations of chance, the vagaries of fortuitous forces, which should so thickly strew the paths of evolution are either not present, or present only as the very partial miscarriage which attends on general laws. Evolution thus becomes what it ought to be, what life itself is, an inscrutable power pushing toward a distinct and desirable issue.

(2) There are species. It is found that variation, no matter how great its range in a given plant or animal, as in a geranium or a pigeon, has limits beyond which it cannot be pushed. The movement in variation may be likened to the vibration of a pendulum. The arc may be greater or smaller, but it is always related to a centre, and, as either extremity is approached, the motion is slower with more expense of power. It is true also that species, in relation to each other, are proximately barren. This law shows sufficient force to maintain the limits of species. Farther, secondary changes in species are not transmitted with infinite subdivision and in indifferent combinations, but tend to a certain entirety with complete transfer. Thus the offspring of pink-legged and yellow-legged chickens do not show a third combined color, but are divided between the two primitive colors. The children of parents, one of whom has more than the usual number of digits, will not subdivide the tendency so as to produce a deformity, but will either take it