necessarily true --- heaven forbid, for then how could I read the daily newspapers? --- but applying to each case the rules of evidence as strictly as though I were trying a man for his life, I find a residuum of instances in which it is impossible to come to any other conclusion than that a haunting spirit has actually been seen.

We are often told that you never meet persons who have themselves seen a ghost but only those who know somebody else who has; in other words, you can never get at the actual witness to cross-examine him, but only at hearsay evidence. But I can contradict this entirely. Since I began to investigate the subject seriously, I am surprised at the number of persons of both sexes who have circumstantially related to me their personal experiences of this sort and have stood the test of careful cross-examination in which I held a brief for the standpoint of "scientific doubt". Therefore when I say a few words about ghosts, I am talking on a subject that I have investigated.

In a large majority of cases it will be found that the spirit appears to be bound to a particular spot and to go on repeating certain actions, and the inference is that the subjective dreaming, so to say, of the departed is in these cases so intense as to create a thought-form of their conception to themselves sufficiently vivid to impress itself upon the etheric