may compel his organism to work when each hour of labour is painful. The second day the work may move off a bit more easily, while the second week there may be a fair degree of pleasure in the exercise. The third may find him stronger both in mind and body. The same persistence enables one to acquire a new occupation. In like manner people break through ruts and begin afresh amidst customs and beliefs that seem insuperable. On occasion one throws off fatigue in order to plunge in and help another who is more weary. On the whole, we like to think of the will as breaking its way in pioneer fashion, creating opportunities, saying "I can," while onlookers say, "You cannot." The limits of the will's triumph over circumstances have yet to be discovered. The inertia which sometimes nearly overwhelms us may well be regarded as a moral test for the will.

Nevertheless, merely to say, "I will," is sometimes insufficient. If we would really succeed we must choose between a spasmodic or impulsive expression of the will, and the endurance or resoluteness which considers the best means to the given end. For in reality, as we have noted in an earlier chapter, the will is not purely elemental. It supervenes on motions already in play through reflex actions and instincts, also on emotions that are habitual or are brought into action by the force of memory images. Professor James points out that what