viewing both manual work and brain-work from within, from the point of view of both servant and owner, producer and merchant, labourer and capitalist. One's sympathies are always with the oppressed, yet one cannot overlook the fact that each side of a case has its laws. The burdens which a head- worker or a manual labourer struggle under may not by any means be those of the mere work of his type, for what he needs may be the right to work both with his head and with his hands.

Strictly speaking the genuine worker uses both head and hand, and never permits himself to become a creature of either. Even when the hardest work is done with the head, manual labour or out-of-door exercise rightfully supplements the activity of the brain. He who would be sane must keep grounded in one of the homely occupations that closely relate a man to the earth, just as he must have an avocation whatever the type of his professional life. Then his theories should grow out of his multiform practice. To undertake to reform the world by insisting that all work shall be industrial would be arbitrary and vain in the extreme. Without a vision the people perish, and we must have the fine arts, the sciences, and the life of worship.

Work is most instructive when effectively performed with directly practical or ideal ends in view, not for the sake of giving an object-lesson.