synonym for the art of life, for adaptation to nature. As a higher animal, a part of nature, man is efficient if able to protect himself, to provide sustenance and shelter, and maintain his strength. As a social being, he attains the standard if not merely able to provide for his family but so to adjust himself to economic conditions in a world where competition is intense as to minister to the manifold interests of human nature in its wondrous variety. The husband must be efficient as a wage earner and in a hundred other ways, the wife as mother in respects that tax her affection, intelligence, ingenuity, and strength in full measure. Thus the idea extends into the whole of life and the economic adjustment becomes intense in proportion as the wants of a family increase. The test questions turn about the relation between efficiency in a commercial sense and efficiency as applied to the physical, moral, and spiritual welfare of society at large.

A merely commercial idea of efficiency would have regard for economy in the cost of production and distribution, so that there might be increase in dividends. But experience may show that commercial efficiency is furthered by conditions under which the workman also benefits through increased skill, higher wages, and better conditions. Industrial and commercial efficiency belong together, and logically lead to consideration of higher types