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of mental activity, and not with the inner forms and laws of those activities. Under that fatal certainty which causes equivalent errors to follow each other at opposite extremes, it strives to stand outside in space and expound consciousness, as formerly the hasty philosopher inclosed in consciousness constructed his outside facts.

The last gate which this school suppose themselves to have opened, at which the powers of the physical world are to rush in and submerge those of mind, is that known as the correlation of forces. All material forces are convertible and indestructible. Hence it is concluded, that those which are at play in the living nervous organism mutually replace each other, and evolve from within themselves all the most subtile and the most palpable of the activities of rational life. Accept this relation of forces in the body, and we yet need the independent, spontaneous power of mind. The mind avails itself of a stream of forces that flow incessantly through the physical organization; into this it dips its wheel, and with it works out its purposes. This admission by no means closes the argument. We have here a telegraph, we discover that the electric, chemical, thermal, mechanical forces liberated are so far equivalent as to induce us to believe that they are perfectly so. "We stand in an office; we behold an intelligible cypher rapidly appearing on the ribbon before us; does the equivalence, the indestructibility, the convertibility of the forces in the mechanism we have investigated, explain the message we have received? We may say, that nothing has been lost or added to the sum of forces concerned in the transfer of these words. Very well, the words in their intelligibility still seek solution. These are explained by the constant interference of a higher power, a remote operator, above the circle of self-balanced forces which have transferred the motion from the indicating to the inscribing index.