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necessarily impossible to her, but because it is not accomplished by the same blind movement which removed the previous one from the catch. The horse learns to untie himself; vary the knot, and his skill disappears. That the protracted experience of the brute must yield to it not very unfrequently a repeated concurrence of the same cause and effect, and thus enable it to reach the one through the other, in those cases in which appetite impresses on the memory the connection, is obvious. Indeed, that this happens so rarely, is quite as much a matter of surprise as are the few cases of apparent skill. "We know the cunning, vicious tricks which a street animal acquires; but we also know that in a keen appetite on the one side, and much persecution on the other, it has under the law of association the most unwearying and vigilant instructors. The restive horse, scorning the restraint of fences, has compounded his education of short and easy attainments. The spiteful nag, grazing on a village common, has learned the ins and outs of advantage, the safeties and dangers of provender, by many a sharp thrust and sturdy thwack, and it is not surprising that it has quite a store of ideas pricked into its tough, retentive hide.

The same truth is seen in the methods of training as of the dog and the horse. The first effort is to establish a definite association of reward with the action to be done, and one of suffering with the action to be avoided. Says a skillful handler of horses, " The difficult point is to secure the right action in the first instance. Every approach to it should be at once recognized and encouraged. The animal should be petted and rewarded at each repetition, till the thing required becomes habitual " that is, till the right association is established. On the other hand, the wrong action is painfully and peremptorily checked, til] the tendency to it is corrected. In the meantime, the fitting words