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of an adjective, the change of a prefix or affix are judgments. The abstract noun in its formation and in its use involves a judgment. One quality or relation is distinguished from others, and affirmed separately in its associations with them. Generalization is a similar judgment, the ascription to many things or actions of one quality or relation. Conception is the grouping of several qualities, as the differentia of species, genera, classes. Classification is a formation of groups in reference to each other in a field of knowledge; these groups mutually excluding each other, and conjointly covering all the facts before them, and marking their relation to each other. It involves, therefore, very many judgments, is made up of a series of judgments. Classification is the final result of inquiry into things, and if it rests, as it must ultimately rest, on the relation of forces, it is the summation of knowledge. Abstraction leads to generalization, generalization to conception, conception to classification. Analysis and synthesis accompany the entire movement, analysis being foremost in its earlier, and synthesis in its later stages.

We should observe how thoroughly the action of the judgment is a construction of relations; how exclusively the concrete fact is considered in its invisible dependencies. The whole process opens in abstraction, which is a breaking up of the concrete experience, a consideration of it in constructive parts or elements which have no separate existence. This abstraction is not only not an act of the senses, it is impossible to them, and must commence and proceed in a purely mental region; one in which relations, not sensible qualities, are the objects of consideration. Each successive step involves this same abstraction in an increasingly extended and complicated form. The conception is made up of a group of qualities which the mind is constantly shifting for purposes of more exact classification, and which