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letter on the part of the active agent, is transferred to the passive agent, and he, when allowed a choice of actions, words, or letters, reads correctly the mind of the 'former by virtue of impulses which quite escape ordinary observation.

In table-tipping, by mechanical tests, pressure is shown to be present when the parties to it are wholly unaware of it, and are exercising a measure of volition against it. Involuntary states triumph over voluntary ones; confused, secondary and unconscious ones over clear and conscious ones. In the planchette we have a visible record of automatic impressions escaping from the control of the voluntary life. Those who are the most coherent, rational, and self-guided in action are the least subject to these abnormal conditions, while those most impressible, excitable, weakest in their voluntary life, are especially liable to them. By repetition these states gain power with a corresponding loss of self control. Notwithstanding the exalted susceptibility implied in them, they are to be regarded as intellectually and spiritually unwholesome. In these states, the automatic life, the life of obscure, physical impressions, gains ground on the reflective life, in a confused and confusing way. (1) There is a new and abnormal division of activities between the two; (2) in the unconscious life there is intense activity in unusual directions; (3) in the conscious life, unusual inertness in usual directions.

Lesson 17 - 11. Physiological and mental facts - p.69

11. "We dwell at length on consciousness as including the entire range of mental phenomena, because thus only can we adequately define the field of mental science, and keep it forever distinct from all physical inquiries. Physiological facts are of incalculable interest and value, but are perfectly distinct from philosophy. Each branch is capable of independent development, nay must receive it, and neither is as obscure as the connections between the two.