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and how far to native, inherent tendencies or powers. Is the normal, adult mind in forms of action the fruit of growth, or are these forms native and indispensable to it? The consciousness of the child or of the savage, so far as these questions may there seem to find an experimental answer, is beyond our direct exploration.

Another embarrassment in philosophy, though not peculiar to it, is the blended way in which its facts are presented. Not only do thought, feeling, volition unite in one state, diverse and conflicting feelings struggle for the mastery, and, in the simplest judgments, are interwoven perception, memory, reasoning, imagination, intuition, and the subtile effects of association, rendering analysis a difficult, yet an indispensable condition of success. Analysis of this obscure character, with phenomena in themselves evanescent and fluctuating, requires the utmost skill and tension of mind.

Another obstacle to success to be mentioned are the peculiar deficiencies of language in this department. Language, always an essential, is here a chief, instrument of investigation. It is the precision of the word employed, that separates and holds fast the faculty, element, or relation designated. In natural science, objects exist apart, though not named, and hence do not lose their identity, are not so merged in the ebb and flow of shifting phenomena as to escape all observation. The very sense of existence is largely due in mental facts to a clear, specific, generally recognized name; since we handle the states of philosophy exclusively through their names, and without these, readily lose all traces of them. Moreover these names are applied somewhat in the dark. It is by description and suggestion that we are taught what the internal states are to which given words are set apart. The word is the same, but the internal fact which explains it is, in every single case, different,