logically is, simple forces flowing out of eternity into eternity, in which human hopes and human efforts --- the whole spiritual world in its thought and affections --- are deceptive shadows of physical things, can offer no such solution of the problems of the Universe to one who has accepted the injunction, " Know thyself," as to preclude a fresh opening of the entire question.

§ 3. If the law of causation is as broad as it is thought to be, theistic arguments are certainly ill taken, but this is by no means the sum of our loss; it is only one feature in a general shipwreck. The entire nature of man, his moral, intellectual and productive action in the world are so profoundly modified that it is impossible for him to explain in any direction the most familiar experience. The energy of every effort gives way, the light of every hope fades out. The spiritual kingdom --- the correlative kingdom to that of purely physical facts --- has been by far too much narrowed in statement by the prominence given to the freedom of the will. No one power can act on a plane quite by itself and retain efficiency or carry with it conviction. This power must be sustained and enlarged by many kindred powers and give the mind the ground for its comprehension by many and extended analogies. There is an entire kingdom overlying the physical kingdom, in which the law of causation is replaced by that of spontaneous power.

Words are ill-defined in this direction, and greatly aid the confusion of thought. On the one side are cause and effect, implying measured physical forces;